Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began, sentence 25

Real life: our M probably began as wavy water, B as a house, K as an open hand; G was made by the Romans by adding a little bar to C.

Who acts: M, Romans · What happens: begin, make, add · To what, where: B, G, little bar

This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (M, Romans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 life	amod
2	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 began	punct
4	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 M	nmod:poss
5	M	m	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 began	nsubj
6	probably	probably	ADV	_	7 began	advmod
7	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 life	parataxis
8	as	as	ADP	_	10 water	case
9	wavy	wavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 water	amod
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 began	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 B	punct
12	B	B	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 began	obl
13	as	as	ADP	_	15 house	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 house	det
15	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 began	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 K	punct
17	K	K	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 began	obl
18	as	as	ADP	_	21 hand	case
19	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 hand	det
20	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 hand	amod
21	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 K	nmod
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 began	punct
23	G	G	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 made	nsubj:pass
24	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 made	aux:pass
25	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 began	parataxis
26	by	by	ADP	_	28 Romans	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 Romans	det
28	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	25 made	obl:agent
29	by	by	SCONJ	_	30 adding	mark
30	adding	add	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 made	advcl
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 bar	det
32	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 bar	amod
33	bar	bar	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 adding	obj
34	to	to	ADP	_	35 C.	case
35	C.	C	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 adding	obl

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	begin	past	our M	B	as wavy water; as a house; K as a open hand obl; probably property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	make	past · passive	the Romans	G		vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product
3	add speech: assert	gerund	the Romans not said here	a little bar	to C.	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent bar=Patient to c=Co-Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:089-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete.lesson:25.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/89-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete/25/