Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began, sentence 26

Old Greek and Latin were often written with no spaces between words; Irish and English monks helped make spaces normal about 1,300 years ago.

Who acts: Irish monks · What happens: write, help, make · To what, where: Old Greek, spaces

This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Irish monks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 Greek	amod
2	Greek	Greek	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 written	nsubj:pass
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 Latin	cc
4	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Greek	conj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 written	aux:pass
6	often	often	ADV	_	7 written	advmod
7	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 helped	parataxis
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 spaces	case
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 spaces	det
10	spaces	space	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 written	obl
11	between	between	ADP	_	12 words	case
12	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 spaces	nmod
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 Irish	punct
14	Irish	Irish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 monks	amod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 English	cc
16	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 Irish	conj
17	monks	monk	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 helped	nsubj
18	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
19	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 helped	xcomp
20	spaces	space	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 make	obj
21	normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 make	xcomp
22	about	about	ADP	_	24 years	case
23	1,300	1,300	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 years	nummod
24	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 ago	obl
25	ago	ago	ADV	_	19 make	advmod
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 written	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	write	past · passive		Old Greek and Latin	with no spaces between words; often property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	help	past	Irish monks			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	make	infinitive	Irish monks not said here	spaces	ago, normal property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset space=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:089-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete.lesson:26.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/89-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete/26/