The candle and what burning is, sentence 1
Burning means a fuel joining with oxygen from the air and giving out heat and light; the wax becomes carbon dioxide and water vapour, which is why the candle gets shorter.
Who acts: fuel, wax, candle · What happens: burn, mean, join, give out, become, be · To what, where: fuel, air, heat, carbon dioxide
This is a sentence of the lesson «The candle and what burning is» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fuel, wax, candle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burning | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 fuel | det |
| 4 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 means | obj |
| 5 | joining | join | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 fuel | acl |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 oxygen | case |
| 7 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 joining | obl |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 air | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 air | det |
| 10 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 joining | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 giving | cc |
| 12 | giving | give | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 joining | conj |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 12 giving | compound:prt |
| 14 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 giving | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 light | cc |
| 16 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 heat | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 becomes | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 wax | det |
| 19 | wax | wax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 becomes | nsubj |
| 20 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 means | parataxis |
| 21 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dioxide | compound |
| 22 | dioxide | dioxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 becomes | xcomp |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 vapour | cc |
| 24 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 vapour | compound |
| 25 | vapour | vapour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dioxide | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 why | punct |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 why | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 why | cop |
| 29 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 becomes | conj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 candle | det |
| 31 | candle | candle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 gets | nsubj |
| 32 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 why | ccomp |
| 33 | shorter | short | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 32 gets | xcomp |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 means | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burn | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | mean | present | a fuel | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fuel=Topic | |||||
| 3 | join | gerund | a fuel not said here | the air | with oxygen | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with oxygen=Co-Patient | |||
| 4 | give out | gerund | a fuel not said here | heat and light | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent heat=Theme | ||||
| 5 | become | present | the wax | carbon dioxide and water vapour | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | is | present | why property | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | get | present | the candle | short property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:011-the-candle-and-burning.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/1/