Tarnish and how metals change, sentence 5

Gold almost never reacts with air, so gold leaf on an old picture frame still shines after hundreds of years, while some metals, like sodium, react with air within seconds and have to be kept under oil.

Who acts: Gold, gold leaf, metals · What happens: not react, shine, react, have, keep · To what, where: oil

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tarnish and how metals change» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gold, gold leaf, metals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gold	gold	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reacts	nsubj
2	almost	almost	ADV	_	3 never	advmod
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 reacts	advmod
4	reacts	react	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 air	case
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reacts	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 leaf	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	17 shines	advmod
9	gold	gold	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 leaf	compound
10	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 shines	nsubj
11	on	on	ADP	_	15 frame	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 frame	det
13	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 frame	amod
14	picture	picture	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 frame	compound
15	frame	frame	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 leaf	nmod
16	still	still	ADV	_	17 shines	advmod
17	shines	shine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reacts	conj
18	after	after	ADP	_	19 hundreds	case
19	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 shines	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 years	case
21	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 hundreds	nmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 metals	punct
23	while	while	SCONJ	_	30 react	mark
24	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	25 metals	det
25	metals	metal	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 react	nsubj
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 metals	punct
27	like	like	ADP	_	28 sodium	case
28	sodium	sodium	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 metals	nmod
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 react	punct
30	react	react	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 shines	advcl
31	with	with	ADP	_	32 air	case
32	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 react	obl
33	within	within	ADP	_	34 seconds	case
34	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 react	obl
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 have	cc
36	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 react	conj
37	to	to	PART	_	39 kept	mark
38	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	39 kept	aux:pass
39	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	36 have	xcomp
40	under	under	ADP	_	41 oil	case
41	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 kept	obl
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reacts	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	not react	present	Gold			with air	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with air=Eventuality
2	shine	present	gold leaf on a old picture frame		after hundreds of years; still		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	react	present	some metals like sodium		second	with air	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with air=Eventuality
4	have	present	some metals like sodium not said here				tree rules
5	keep	to-infinitive · passive	some metals like sodium not said here	oil			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: under oil=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:014-tarnish-and-how-metals-change.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/14-tarnish-and-how-metals-change/5/