Alkalis and soda, and how they cancel acids, sentence 11
Bacteria on teeth make acid from sugar, which damages enamel; toothpaste is slightly alkaline, and fluoride in it makes enamel tougher.
Who acts: Bacteria, sugar, toothpaste, fluoride · What happens: make, damage, be · To what, where: acid, sugar, enamel
This is a sentence of the lesson «Alkalis and soda, and how they cancel acids» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bacteria, sugar, toothpaste, fluoride), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bacteria | Bacteria | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 make | nsubj |
| 2 | on | on | ADP | _ | 3 teeth | case |
| 3 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Bacteria | nmod |
| 4 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | acid | acid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 make | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 sugar | case |
| 7 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 make | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 enamel | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 damages | nsubj |
| 10 | damages | damage | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 sugar | acl:relcl |
| 11 | enamel | enamel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 damages | obj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 alkaline | punct |
| 13 | toothpaste | toothpaste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 alkaline | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 alkaline | cop |
| 15 | slightly | slightly | ADV | _ | 16 alkaline | advmod |
| 16 | alkaline | alkaline | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 make | parataxis |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 makes | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 fluoride | cc |
| 19 | fluoride | fluoride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 makes | nsubj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 it | case |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 fluoride | nmod |
| 22 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 make | conj |
| 23 | enamel | enamel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 makes | obj |
| 24 | tougher | tough | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 22 makes | xcomp |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 make | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | Bacteria on teeth | acid | sugar | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset acid=Product from sugar=Material | |||
| 2 | damage | present | sugar | enamel | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enamel=Patient | ||||
| 3 | is | present | toothpaste | alkaline, slightly property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | make | present | fluoride in acid | enamel | tough property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset enamel=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:016-alkalis-and-soda.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/16-alkalis-and-soda/11/