Browning apples, rotting and mould, sentence 1
Cutting opened the apple's cells, so air reached their chemicals, and an enzyme helped them react with oxygen.
Who acts: air, enzyme, chemicals · What happens: cut, open, reach, help, react · To what, where: cells, chemicals
This is a sentence of the lesson «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air, enzyme, chemicals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cutting | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 opened | nsubj |
| 2 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 apple | det |
| 4 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 cells | nmod:poss |
| 5 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 4 apple | case |
| 6 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 opened | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 reached | punct |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 reached | advmod |
| 9 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 reached | nsubj |
| 10 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 opened | conj |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 chemicals | nmod:poss |
| 12 | chemicals | chemical | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 reached | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 helped | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 helped | cc |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 enzyme | det |
| 16 | enzyme | enzyme | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 helped | nsubj |
| 17 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 opened | conj |
| 18 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 helped | obj |
| 19 | react | react | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 helped | xcomp |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 oxygen | case |
| 21 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 react | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 opened | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cut | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | open | past | the apple's cells | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cell=Theme | |||||
| 3 | reach | past | air | cells's chemicals | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent chemical=Theme | ||||
| 4 | help | past | a enzyme | chemicals = chemical | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | react | infinitive | chemicals = chemical not said here | with oxygen | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with oxygen=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:023-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/1/