Leaves, fruit and colour in nature, sentence 14
The sky is blue because the air scatters blue light much more than red light; at sunset the light passes through more air, the blue is scattered away and reds remain; with no air to scatter light, as on the Moon, the daytime sky is black.
Who acts: sky, air, light, reds, daytime sky · What happens: be, scatter, pass, scatter away, remain · To what, where: blue light, more air, blue, light
This is a sentence of the lesson «Leaves, fruit and colour in nature» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sky, air, light, reds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 sky | det |
| 2 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 blue | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 blue | cop |
| 4 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | because | because | SCONJ | ExtPos=ADP | 8 scatters | mark |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 air | det |
| 7 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 scatters | nsubj |
| 8 | scatters | scatter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 blue | advcl |
| 9 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 light | amod |
| 10 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 scatters | obj |
| 11 | much | much | ADV | _ | 12 more | advmod |
| 12 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 8 scatters | advmod |
| 13 | than | than | ADP | _ | 15 light | case |
| 14 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 light | amod |
| 15 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 more | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 passes | punct |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 sunset | case |
| 18 | sunset | sunset | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 passes | obl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 light | det |
| 20 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 passes | nsubj |
| 21 | passes | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 blue | parataxis |
| 22 | through | through | ADP | _ | 24 air | case |
| 23 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 24 air | amod |
| 24 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 passes | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 scattered | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 blue | det |
| 27 | blue | blue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 scattered | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 scattered | aux:pass |
| 29 | scattered | scatter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 passes | conj |
| 30 | away | away | ADV | _ | 29 scattered | advmod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 remain | cc |
| 32 | reds | red | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 remain | nsubj |
| 33 | remain | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 scattered | conj |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 air | punct |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 air | case |
| 36 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 37 air | det |
| 37 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 scattered | obl |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 scatter | mark |
| 39 | scatter | scatter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 air | acl |
| 40 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 scatter | obj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 Moon | punct |
| 42 | as | as | ADP | _ | 45 Moon | case |
| 43 | on | on | ADP | _ | 45 Moon | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 Moon | det |
| 45 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 scatter | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 black | punct |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 sky | det |
| 48 | daytime | daytime | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 sky | amod |
| 49 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 black | nsubj |
| 50 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 51 black | cop |
| 51 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 blue | parataxis |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 blue | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the sky | blue property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | scatter | present | the air | blue light | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme | ||||
| 3 | pass | present | the light | more air | sunset | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through air=Location | |||
| 4 | scatter away | present · passive | the blue | with no air; away property | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with air=Theme | ||||
| 5 | remain | present | reds | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | scatter | to-infinitive | light | as the Moon | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme | ||||
| 7 | is | present | the daytime sky | black property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:028-colour-in-nature.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/14/