Leaves, fruit and colour in nature, sentence 18

Octopuses have tiny colour sacs in their skin that muscles stretch open or squeeze shut, and some can match their background in less than a second.

Who acts: Octopuses, muscles, some · What happens: have, stretch, squeeze, match · To what, where: tiny colour sacs, skin, background

This is a sentence of the lesson «Leaves, fruit and colour in nature» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Octopuses, muscles, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Octopuses	octopus	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sacs	amod
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sacs	compound
5	sacs	sac	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 skin	case
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 skin	nmod:poss
8	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sacs	nmod
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 stretch	obj
10	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 stretch	nsubj
11	stretch	stretch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sacs	acl:relcl
12	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 stretch	xcomp
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 squeeze	cc
14	squeeze	squeeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 stretch	conj
15	shut	shut	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 squeeze	xcomp
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 match	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 match	cc
18	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	20 match	nsubj
19	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 match	aux
20	match	match	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 have	conj
21	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 background	nmod:poss
22	background	background	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 match	obj
23	in	in	ADP	_	27 second	case
24	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	27 second	advmod
25	than	than	ADP	_	24 less	fixed
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 second	det
27	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 match	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Octopuses	tiny colour sacs	Octopuses's skin			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sac=Patient
2	stretch	present	muscles	tiny colour sacs			open property	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent that=Patient
3	squeeze	present	muscles not said here				shut property	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
4	match	can	some	Octopuses's background		second		vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent background=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:028-colour-in-nature.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/18/