The air we breathe, sentence 12
Smog is a dirty haze of smoke and car fumes that builds up in still air; cleaner cars and fuels have made many cities' air clearer.
Who acts: Smog, car fumes, cleaner cars · What happens: be, build up, make · To what, where: dirty haze, air
This is a sentence of the lesson «The air we breathe» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smog, car fumes, cleaner cars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Smog | smog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 haze | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 haze | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 haze | det |
| 4 | dirty | dirty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 haze | amod |
| 5 | haze | haze | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 smoke | case |
| 7 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 haze | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 fumes | cc |
| 9 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fumes | compound |
| 10 | fumes | fume | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 smoke | conj |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 builds | nsubj |
| 12 | builds | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 fumes | acl:relcl |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 builds | compound:prt |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 air | case |
| 15 | still | still | ADV | _ | 16 air | advmod |
| 16 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 builds | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 made | punct |
| 18 | cleaner | cleaner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cars | compound |
| 19 | cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 made | nsubj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 fuels | cc |
| 21 | fuels | fuel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 cars | conj |
| 22 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 made | aux |
| 23 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 haze | parataxis |
| 24 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 cities | amod |
| 25 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 air | nmod:poss |
| 26 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 25 cities | case |
| 27 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 made | obj |
| 28 | clearer | clearer | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 made | xcomp |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 haze | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Smog | a dirty haze | of smoke and car fumes | tree rules | |||
| 2 | build up | present | car fumes | air | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | make | present · perfect | cleaner cars and fuels | many cities's air | clearer property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material air=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:033-the-air-we-breathe.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/33-the-air-we-breathe/12/