The air we breathe, sentence 18
Fridges and air conditioners use special gases that soak up heat when they evaporate and give it out when squeezed; old fridges are recycled carefully so these gases do not escape.
Who acts: Fridges, special gases, gases · What happens: use, soak up, evaporate, give out, squeeze, recycle · To what, where: special gases, heat, old fridges
This is a sentence of the lesson «The air we breathe» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fridges, special gases, gases), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fridges | fridge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 use | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 conditioners | cc |
| 3 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 conditioners | compound |
| 4 | conditioners | conditioner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Fridges | conj |
| 5 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 gases | amod |
| 7 | gases | gas | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 use | obj |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 soak | nsubj |
| 9 | soak | soak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 gases | acl:relcl |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 soak | compound:prt |
| 11 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 soak | obj |
| 12 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 14 evaporate | advmod |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 evaporate | nsubj |
| 14 | evaporate | evaporate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 soak | advcl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 give | cc |
| 16 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 use | conj |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 give | obj |
| 18 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 give | compound:prt |
| 19 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 squeezed | advmod |
| 20 | squeezed | squeeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 give | advcl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 recycled | punct |
| 22 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 fridges | amod |
| 23 | fridges | fridge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 recycled | nsubj |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 recycled | aux:pass |
| 25 | recycled | recycle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 use | parataxis |
| 26 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 25 recycled | advmod |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 escape | advmod |
| 28 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 29 gases | det |
| 29 | gases | gas | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 escape | nsubj |
| 30 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 escape | aux |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 escape | advmod |
| 32 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 recycled | conj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 use | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | Fridges and air conditioners | special gases | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gas=Patient | ||||
| 2 | soak up | present | special gases | heat | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent heat=Source | ||||
| 3 | evaporate | present | Fridges = fridge | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | give out | present | Fridges and air conditioners not said here | heat | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | squeeze | participle | Fridges and air conditioners not said here | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | recycle | present · passive | old fridges | carefully property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | not escape | present · do-support | this gases | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:033-the-air-we-breathe.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/33-the-air-we-breathe/18/