School words, sentence 13

kǎoshì («KAOW-SHR») means a test or exam; kǎo de zěnmeyàng? (how did the test go?) is the first thing many Chinese parents ask.

Who acts: kǎoshì, test, many Chinese parents · What happens: mean, zěnmeyàng, go, be, ask · To what, where: test, first thing

This is a sentence of the lesson «School words» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kǎoshì, test, many Chinese parents), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	kǎoshì	kǎoshì	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 means	nsubj
2	(	(	PUNCT	_	7 »	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 »	punct
4	KAOW	KAOW	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 SHR	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 KAOW	punct
6	SHR	shr	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 »	compound
7	»	»	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 kǎoshì	appos
8	)	)	PUNCT	_	7 »	punct
9	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 test	det
11	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 means	obj
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 exam	cc
13	exam	exam	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 test	conj
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 zěnmeyàng	punct
15	kǎo	kǎo	X	Foreign=Yes	17 zěnmeyàng	flat:foreign
16	de	de	X	Foreign=Yes	15 kǎo	flat
17	zěnmeyàng	zěnmeyàng	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	30 thing	nsubj
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	17 zěnmeyàng	punct
19	(	(	PUNCT	_	24 go	punct
20	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	24 go	advmod
21	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 go	aux
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 test	det
23	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 go	nsubj
24	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 zěnmeyàng	parataxis
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	24 go	punct
26	)	)	PUNCT	_	24 go	punct
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 thing	cop
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 thing	det
29	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	30 thing	amod
30	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 means	parataxis
31	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 parents	amod
32	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 parents	amod
33	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 ask	nsubj
34	ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 thing	acl:relcl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 means	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	mean	present	kǎoshì	a test or exam	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Topic
2	zěnmeyàng	gerund			tree rules
3	go	past · do-support	the test		vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	is a	present		the first thing	tree rules
5	ask speech: ask	present	many Chinese parents	the first thing not said here	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thing=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:015-school-words.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/15-school-words/13/