Happy, angry, bored, scared, sentence 13
"xiǎng kū" means "I feel like crying"; kū (cry) is high and level, while kǔ (dipping) means bitter, as in "chī kǔ", to put up with hardship.
Who acts: boys, kū, kǔ · What happens: xiǎng, mean, feel, cry, be, dip · To what, where: bitter · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Happy, angry, bored, scared» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boys, kū, kǔ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 xiǎng | punct |
| 2 | xiǎng | xiǎng | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 means | nsubj |
| 3 | kū | kū | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 xiǎng | flat |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 kū | punct |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 feel | punct |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 feel | nsubj |
| 8 | feel | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 means | ccomp |
| 9 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 10 crying | mark |
| 10 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 feel | advcl |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 feel | punct |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 high | punct |
| 13 | kū | kū | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 high | nsubj |
| 14 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 15 cry | punct |
| 15 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 kū | appos |
| 16 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 15 cry | punct |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 high | cop |
| 18 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 means | parataxis |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 level | cc |
| 20 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 high | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 dipping | punct |
| 22 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 25 dipping | mark |
| 23 | kǔ | kǔ | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 25 dipping | nsubj |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 dipping | punct |
| 25 | dipping | dip | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 means | conj |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 dipping | punct |
| 27 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 dipping | parataxis |
| 28 | bitter | bitter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 means | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 kǔ | punct |
| 30 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 kǔ | case |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 kǔ | case |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 kǔ | punct |
| 33 | chī | chī | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 kǔ | compound |
| 34 | kǔ | kǔ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 dipping | parataxis |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 kǔ | punct |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 put | punct |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 put | mark |
| 38 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 kǔ | acl |
| 39 | up | up | ADP | _ | 38 put | compound:prt |
| 40 | with | with | ADP | _ | 41 hardship | case |
| 41 | hardship | hardship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 put | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | xiǎng in a quote | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | feel in a quote | present | boys = boy | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | cry speech: express in a quote | gerund | boys = boy not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | kū | high property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | dip | gerund | kǔ | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | mean | present | bitter | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bitter=Topic | |||||
| 8 | put up | to-infinitive | kǔ not said here | with hardship | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:016-happy-angry-bored-scared.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/16-happy-angry-bored-scared/13/