The four tones: same sound, different meaning, sentence 1
In Mandarin the tune of a syllable is part of the word, like a vowel: change the tune and you change the word.
Who acts: tune, you · What happens: be, change · To what, where: part, Mandarin, tune, word
This is a sentence of the lesson «The four tones: same sound, different meaning» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tune, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Mandarin | case |
| 2 | Mandarin | Mandarin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 part | obl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 tune | det |
| 4 | tune | tune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 part | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 syllable | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 syllable | det |
| 7 | syllable | syllable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 tune | nmod |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 part | cop |
| 9 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 word | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 word | det |
| 12 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 part | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 vowel | punct |
| 14 | like | like | ADP | _ | 16 vowel | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 vowel | det |
| 16 | vowel | vowel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 word | appos |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 change | punct |
| 18 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 part | parataxis |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 tune | det |
| 20 | tune | tune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 change | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 change | cc |
| 22 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 23 change | nsubj |
| 23 | change | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 change | conj |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 word | det |
| 25 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 change | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 part | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the tune of a syllable | part | Mandarin | of the word | tree rules | ||
| 2 | change | infinitive | the tune | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Patient | |||||
| 3 | change | present | you | the word | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:002-the-four-tones.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/1/