The four tones: same sound, different meaning, sentence 3

That is why Ming falls about laughing when you ask for táng (sweets) instead of tāng (soup), or count shǐ (poo) instead of shí (ten).

Who acts: That, Ming, you · What happens: be, fall, laugh, ask, count · To what, where: shǐ

This is a sentence of the lesson «The four tones: same sound, different meaning» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, Ming, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 why	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 why	cop
3	why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
4	Ming	Ming	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 falls	nsubj
5	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 why	advcl:relcl
6	about	about	SCONJ	_	7 laughing	mark
7	laughing	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 falls	advcl
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	10 ask	advmod
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 ask	nsubj
10	ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 laughing	advcl
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 táng	case
12	táng	táng	NOUN	_	10 ask	obl
13	(	(	PUNCT	_	14 sweets	punct
14	sweets	sweet	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 táng	appos
15	)	)	PUNCT	_	14 sweets	punct
16	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=SCONJ	18 tāng	mark
17	of	of	ADP	_	16 instead	fixed
18	tāng	tāng	NOUN	_	12 táng	conj
19	(	(	PUNCT	_	20 soup	punct
20	soup	soup	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 tāng	appos
21	)	)	PUNCT	_	20 soup	punct
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 count	punct
23	or	or	CCONJ	_	24 count	cc
24	count	count	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 ask	conj
25	shǐ	shǐ	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 count	obj
26	(	(	PUNCT	_	27 poo	punct
27	poo	poo	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 shǐ	appos
28	)	)	PUNCT	_	27 poo	punct
29	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	31 shí	case
30	of	of	ADP	_	29 instead	fixed
31	shí	shí	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 count	obl
32	(	(	PUNCT	_	33 ten	punct
33	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	31 shí	appos
34	)	)	PUNCT	_	33 ten	punct
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 why	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	That		why property	tree rules
2	fall	present	Ming			vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	laugh	gerund	Ming not said here			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	ask speech: ask	present	you		for táng and tāng	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	count	present	you not said here	shǐ	instead shí	vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shǐ=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:002-the-four-tones.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/3/