The four tones: same sound, different meaning, sentence 4
Mix-ups are part of learning by ear; every learner makes them, and the friends' giggles are friendly.
Who acts: Mix ups, learner, giggles, friends · What happens: be, learn, make, giggle · To what, where: part, ups
This is a sentence of the lesson «The four tones: same sound, different meaning» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mix ups, learner, giggles, friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mix | mix | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ups | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Mix | punct |
| 3 | ups | up | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 part | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 part | cop |
| 5 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 learning | case |
| 7 | learning | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 part | nmod |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 ear | case |
| 9 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 learning | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 makes | punct |
| 11 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 12 learner | det |
| 12 | learner | learner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 makes | nsubj |
| 13 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 part | parataxis |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 makes | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 friendly | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 friendly | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 friends | det |
| 18 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 giggles | nmod:poss |
| 19 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 18 friends | case |
| 20 | giggles | giggle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 friendly | nsubj |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 friendly | cop |
| 22 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 makes | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 part | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Mix ups | part | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | learn | gerund | by ear | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | make | present | every learner | ups = up | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the friends's giggles | friendly property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | giggle | the friends | nom giggle «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:002-the-four-tones.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/4/