The four tones: same sound, different meaning, sentence 13
shuìjiào (both falling) is to sleep and shuǐjiǎo (both dipping) is boiled dumplings, the classic learner mix-up.
Who acts: shuìjiào, shuǐjiǎo · What happens: be, boil · To what, where: boiled dumplings
This is a sentence of the lesson «The four tones: same sound, different meaning» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shuìjiào, shuǐjiǎo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shuìjiào | shuìjiào | X | Foreign=Yes | 8 sleep | nsubj |
| 2 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 4 falling | punct |
| 3 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 falling | det |
| 4 | falling | falling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sleep | obl |
| 5 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 4 falling | punct |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 sleep | cop |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 sleep | mark |
| 8 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 dumplings | cc |
| 10 | shuǐjiǎo | shuǐjiǎo | X | Foreign=Yes | 17 dumplings | nsubj |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 13 dipping | punct |
| 12 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 dipping | det |
| 13 | dipping | dipping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 shuǐjiǎo | parataxis |
| 14 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 13 dipping | punct |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 dumplings | cop |
| 16 | boiled | boil | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 dumplings | amod |
| 17 | dumplings | dumpling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 sleep | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 up | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 up | det |
| 20 | classic | classic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 up | amod |
| 21 | learner | learner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 up | compound |
| 22 | mix | mix | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 up | compound |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 mix | punct |
| 24 | up | up | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 dumplings | appos |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 sleep | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | shuìjiào | both falling obl; sleep property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | boil | participle | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | is a | present | shuǐjiǎo | boiled dumplings | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:002-the-four-tones.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/13/