The four tones: same sound, different meaning, sentence 14
wèn (falling) is to ask and wěn (dipping) is to kiss, so qǐng wèn (may I ask) must fall.
Who acts: wèn, wěn, I · What happens: be, qǐng, ask, fall · To what, where: wèn
This is a sentence of the lesson «The four tones: same sound, different meaning» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wèn, wěn, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wèn | wèn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ask | nsubj |
| 2 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 3 falling | punct |
| 3 | falling | falling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 wèn | appos |
| 4 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 3 falling | punct |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 ask | cop |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 ask | mark |
| 7 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 kiss | cc |
| 9 | wěn | wěn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 kiss | nsubj |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 dipping | punct |
| 11 | dipping | dipping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 wěn | appos |
| 12 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 11 dipping | punct |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 kiss | cop |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 kiss | mark |
| 15 | kiss | kiss | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 ask | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 qǐng | punct |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 qǐng | advmod |
| 18 | qǐng | qǐng | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 fall | advcl |
| 19 | wèn | wèn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 qǐng | obj |
| 20 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 ask | punct |
| 21 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 ask | aux |
| 22 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 ask | nsubj |
| 23 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 wèn | parataxis |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 ask | punct |
| 25 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 fall | aux |
| 26 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 ask | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 ask | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | wèn | ask property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | wěn | kiss property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | qǐng | gerund | wèn | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | ask speech: ask | may | I | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | fall | must | wèn not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:002-the-four-tones.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/14/