Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 0

In every language there are words that are not teasing but punches; you learn what they mean so you know when someone is being cruel, and you never learn them to use — that is why this lesson gives the meanings, not the words.

Who acts: words, you, someone, that, lesson · What happens: be, not tease, learn, mean, know, not learn · To what, where: language, words, meanings · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words, you, someone, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 language	case
2	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	3 language	det
3	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 are	obl
4	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	5 are	expl
5	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 are	nsubj
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 teasing	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 teasing	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 teasing	advmod
10	teasing	tease	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 words	acl
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 punches	cc
12	punches	punch	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 teasing	conj
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 learn	punct
14	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	15 learn	nsubj
15	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 are	parataxis
16	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	18 mean	obj
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 mean	nsubj
18	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 learn	ccomp
19	so	so	ADV	_	21 know	advmod
20	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	21 know	nsubj
21	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 mean	ccomp
22	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	26 cruel	advmod
23	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	26 cruel	nsubj
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 cruel	aux
25	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	26 cruel	cop
26	cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 know	advcl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 learn	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 learn	cc
29	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	31 learn	nsubj
30	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	31 learn	advmod
31	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 learn	conj
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 learn	obj
33	to	to	PART	_	34 use	mark
34	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 learn	xcomp
35	—	—	PUNCT	_	34 use	punct
36	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	38 why	nsubj
37	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 why	cop
38	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	34 use	parataxis
39	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	40 lesson	det
40	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 gives	nsubj
41	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 why	advcl:relcl
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 meanings	det
43	meanings	meaning	NOUN	Number=Plur	41 gives	obj
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 words	punct
45	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	47 words	advmod
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	47 words	det
47	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 meanings	conj
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 are	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	does	present	words		every language; there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in language=Location
2	not tease	present · progressive	words				vn ferret-35.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	learn	present	you				vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	mean	present	words = word				tree rules
5	know	present	you				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
6	is	present · progressive	someone			cruel property	tree rules
7	not learn	present	you	words = word			tree rules
8	use	to-infinitive	you not said here				vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9	is	present	that			why property	tree rules
10	give	present	this lesson	the meanings and the words			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/0/