Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 1
You can tell a real insult by ear even without knowing it: an angry face, a spat-out word, a "your mother" or "his mother" in a hard voice, or a crowd going quiet — that is the moment to walk away, not to answer back.
Who acts: You, crowd, that · What happens: tell, know, go, be, walk away, not answer back · To what, where: real insult, insult, moment · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, crowd, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 tell | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 tell | aux |
| 3 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 insult | det |
| 5 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 insult | amod |
| 6 | insult | insult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 tell | obj |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 ear | case |
| 8 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 tell | obl |
| 9 | even | even | ADV | _ | 11 knowing | advmod |
| 10 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 11 knowing | mark |
| 11 | knowing | know | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 tell | advcl |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 knowing | obj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 face | punct |
| 14 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 face | det |
| 15 | angry | angry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 face | amod |
| 16 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 tell | parataxis |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 word | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 word | det |
| 19 | spat | spat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 out | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 out | punct |
| 21 | out | out | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 word | compound |
| 22 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 face | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 mother | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 mother | det |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 mother | punct |
| 26 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 mother | nmod:poss |
| 27 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 face | conj |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 mother | punct |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 32 mother | cc |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 mother | punct |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 mother | nmod:poss |
| 32 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 face | conj |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 mother | punct |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 voice | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 voice | det |
| 36 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 voice | amod |
| 37 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 face | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 crowd | punct |
| 39 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 41 crowd | cc |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 crowd | det |
| 41 | crowd | crowd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 face | conj |
| 42 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 41 crowd | acl |
| 43 | quiet | quiet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 going | xcomp |
| 44 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 48 moment | punct |
| 45 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 48 moment | nsubj |
| 46 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 moment | cop |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 moment | det |
| 48 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 tell | parataxis |
| 49 | to | to | PART | _ | 50 walk | mark |
| 50 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 moment | acl |
| 51 | away | away | ADV | _ | 50 walk | advmod |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 answer | punct |
| 53 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 55 answer | advmod |
| 54 | to | to | PART | _ | 55 answer | mark |
| 55 | answer | answer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 50 walk | conj |
| 56 | back | back | ADV | _ | 55 answer | advmod |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 tell | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | can | You | a real insult | by ear | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent insult=Recipient | |||
| 2 | know | gerund | You not said here | insult | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | go | gerund | a crowd not said here | quiet property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | that | the moment | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | walk away | to-infinitive | You not said here | away property | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | not answer back speech: assert | to-infinitive | You not said here | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/1/