Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 2
Some Mandarin insults are pictures: a "turtle" said as a name is an old insult about shame on someone's family; calling someone "waste matter" means useless; a "nerve-disease case" mocks people with real illnesses.
Who acts: Mandarin insults, turtle, calling, disease case · What happens: be, say, call, mean, mock · To what, where: pictures, name, old insult, someone, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mandarin insults, turtle, calling, disease case), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 insults | det |
| 2 | Mandarin | mandarin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 insults | amod |
| 3 | insults | insult | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 pictures | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 pictures | cop |
| 5 | pictures | picture | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 turtle | det |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 turtle | punct |
| 9 | turtle | turtle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 said | nsubj |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 turtle | punct |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 pictures | acl:relcl |
| 12 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 18 insult | mark |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 name | det |
| 14 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 said | obl |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 insult | cop |
| 16 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 insult | det |
| 17 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 insult | amod |
| 18 | insult | insult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 said | advcl |
| 19 | about | about | ADP | _ | 20 shame | case |
| 20 | shame | shame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 insult | nmod |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 family | case |
| 22 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 24 family | nmod:poss |
| 23 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 22 someone | case |
| 24 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 shame | nmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 calling | punct |
| 26 | calling | call | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 means | csubj |
| 27 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 26 calling | obj |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 matter | punct |
| 29 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 matter | compound |
| 30 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 calling | xcomp |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 matter | punct |
| 32 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 said | ccomp |
| 33 | useless | useless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 means | xcomp |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 people | punct |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 case | det |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 case | punct |
| 37 | nerve | nerve | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 disease | compound |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 nerve | punct |
| 39 | disease | disease | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 case | compound |
| 40 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 mocks | nsubj |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 case | punct |
| 42 | mocks | mock | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 pictures | conj |
| 43 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 mocks | obj |
| 44 | with | with | ADP | _ | 46 illnesses | case |
| 45 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 illnesses | amod |
| 46 | illnesses | illness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 people | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 pictures | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | some Mandarin insults | pictures | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | a turtle | a name | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | a turtle not said here | a old insult | about shame on someone's family | tree rules | |||
| 4 | call | gerund | someone | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient | |||||
| 5 | mean | present | calling | useless property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | mock | present | a disease case | people | with real illnesses | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/2/