Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 3
A few words are borderline: "méi jiàoyǎng" (badly brought up) blames a child's whole family, and "lǎowài" (foreigner) is casual and mostly harmless, but some people don't like being labelled.
Who acts: few words, méi jiàoyǎng, lǎowài, people · What happens: be, bring up, blame, not like, label · To what, where: méi jiàoyǎng, whole family
This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (few words, méi jiàoyǎng, lǎowài, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 borderline | det |
| 2 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 words | amod |
| 3 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 borderline | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 borderline | cop |
| 5 | borderline | borderline | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 jiàoyǎng | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 jiàoyǎng | punct |
| 8 | méi | méi | X | _ | 9 jiàoyǎng | compound |
| 9 | jiàoyǎng | jiàoyǎng | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 blames | nsubj |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 jiàoyǎng | punct |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 13 brought | punct |
| 12 | badly | badly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 13 brought | advmod |
| 13 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 jiàoyǎng | acl |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 13 brought | compound:prt |
| 15 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 13 brought | punct |
| 16 | blames | blame | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 borderline | parataxis |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 child | det |
| 18 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 family | nmod:poss |
| 19 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 18 child | case |
| 20 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 family | amod |
| 21 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 blames | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 casual | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 casual | cc |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 lǎowài | punct |
| 25 | lǎowài | lǎowài | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 casual | nsubj |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 lǎowài | punct |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 28 foreigner | punct |
| 28 | foreigner | foreigner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 lǎowài | appos |
| 29 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 28 foreigner | punct |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 casual | cop |
| 31 | casual | casual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 blames | conj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 harmless | cc |
| 33 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 34 harmless | advmod |
| 34 | harmless | harmless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 casual | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 like | punct |
| 36 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 41 like | cc |
| 37 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 38 people | det |
| 38 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 like | nsubj |
| 39 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 like | aux |
| 40 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 41 like | advmod |
| 41 | like | like | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 casual | parataxis |
| 42 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 43 labelled | aux:pass |
| 43 | labelled | label | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 like | xcomp |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 borderline | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | few words | borderline property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | bring up | participle | méi jiàoyǎng not said here | badly property | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | blame | present | méi jiàoyǎng | a child's whole family | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | present | lǎowài | casual property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be | lǎowài not said here | mostly property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | not like | present · do-support | some people | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | label not said to happen | gerund · passive | some people not said here | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/3/