Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 4
And in a British playground the worst teasing your Chinese friend hears may be in English: fake sing-song "Chinese" noises, pulling eyes, "go back to China" — that is racism, and a real friend stands with him and tells a teacher.
Who acts: you, Chinese friend, that, real friend, teacher · What happens: tease, hear, pull, go back, be, stand · To what, where: China, British playground, racism · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Chinese friend, that, real friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 go | cc |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 playground | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 playground | det |
| 4 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 playground | amod |
| 5 | playground | playground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 go | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 worst | det |
| 7 | worst | bad | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 playground | appos |
| 8 | teasing | tease | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 worst | advcl |
| 9 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 friend | nmod:poss |
| 10 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 friend | amod |
| 11 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 hears | nsubj |
| 12 | hears | hear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 be | nsubj |
| 13 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 be | aux |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 go | parataxis |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 English | case |
| 16 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 be | obl |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 song | punct |
| 18 | fake | fake | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 song | amod |
| 19 | sing | sing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 song | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 sing | punct |
| 21 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 hears | conj |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 Chinese | punct |
| 23 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 noises | amod |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 Chinese | punct |
| 25 | noises | noise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 song | appos |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 eyes | punct |
| 27 | pulling | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 eyes | amod |
| 28 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 noises | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 go | punct |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 go | punct |
| 31 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 32 | back | back | ADV | _ | 31 go | advmod |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 China | case |
| 34 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 go | obl |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 go | punct |
| 36 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 racism | punct |
| 37 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 39 racism | nsubj |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 racism | cop |
| 39 | racism | racism | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 go | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 stands | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 stands | cc |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 friend | det |
| 43 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 friend | amod |
| 44 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 stands | nsubj |
| 45 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 go | parataxis |
| 46 | with | with | ADP | _ | 47 him | case |
| 47 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 stands | obl |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 tells | cc |
| 49 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 stands | conj |
| 50 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 teacher | det |
| 51 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 tells | obj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 31 go | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tease | gerund | you not said here | vn ferret-35.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | hear | your Chinese friend | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | pull | gerund | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | go back in a quote | imperative | you not said here | China | a British playground | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is a | present | that | racism | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | stand | present | a real friend | with China | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | tell speech: assert | present | a teacher | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/4/