Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 10
Asking "are you sick?" in a sneer means "are you sick in the head?"; among close friends it can be a light "you're crazy!", but it is easily heard as an insult.
Who acts: you, Asking, friend · What happens: ask, be, mean, hear · To what, where: sneer, head, light, friend · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Asking, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Asking | ask | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 means | csubj |
| 2 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 sick | punct |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 sick | cop |
| 4 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 sick | nsubj |
| 5 | sick | sick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 means | parataxis |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 sick | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 sick | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 sneer | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 sneer | det |
| 10 | sneer | sneer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Asking | obl |
| 11 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 sick | punct |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 sick | cop |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 15 sick | nsubj |
| 15 | sick | sick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 means | ccomp |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 head | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 head | det |
| 18 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sick | obl |
| 19 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 15 sick | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 sick | punct |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 light | punct |
| 22 | among | among | ADP | _ | 24 friends | case |
| 23 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 friends | amod |
| 24 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 light | obl |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 light | nsubj |
| 26 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 light | aux |
| 27 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 29 light | cop |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 light | det |
| 29 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 means | parataxis |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 crazy | punct |
| 31 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 33 crazy | nsubj |
| 32 | 're | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 crazy | cop |
| 33 | crazy | crazy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 light | parataxis |
| 34 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 33 crazy | punct |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 crazy | punct |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 heard | punct |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 41 heard | cc |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 heard | aux:pass |
| 40 | easily | easily | ADV | _ | 41 heard | advmod |
| 41 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 light | conj |
| 42 | as | as | ADP | _ | 44 insult | case |
| 43 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 insult | det |
| 44 | insult | insult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 heard | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | gerund | a sneer | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | you | sick property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | mean | present | Asking | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | you | the head | sick property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is a | can | friend | a light | among close friends | tree rules | |||
| 6 | is in a quote | present | you | crazy property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | hear | present · passive | friend | as a insult; easily property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×5, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/10/