Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 12
Calling someone a "turtle" is an old insult hinting at shame on the person's family; a real turtle at the zoo is fine.
Who acts: Calling, old insult, real turtle · What happens: call, be, hint · To what, where: someone, old insult, shame · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Calling, old insult, real turtle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Calling | call | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 insult | csubj |
| 2 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 1 Calling | obj |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 turtle | det |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 turtle | punct |
| 5 | turtle | turtle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Calling | obj |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 turtle | punct |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 insult | cop |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 insult | det |
| 9 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 insult | amod |
| 10 | insult | insult | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | hinting | hint | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 insult | acl |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 shame | case |
| 13 | shame | shame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hinting | obl |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 family | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 person | det |
| 16 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 family | nmod:poss |
| 17 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 16 person | case |
| 18 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shame | nmod |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 insult | punct |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 turtle | det |
| 21 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 turtle | amod |
| 22 | turtle | turtle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 fine | nsubj |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 zoo | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 zoo | det |
| 25 | zoo | zoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 turtle | nmod |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 fine | cop |
| 27 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 insult | parataxis |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 insult | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | gerund | someone | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme turtle=Result | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | Calling | a old insult | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | hint speech: other | gerund | a old insult not said here | shame on the person's family | vn say-37.7-1-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is | present | a real turtle at the zoo | fine property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/12/