Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 13

The most common Mandarin swear is built on insulting someone's mother and is used like "damn it"; any angry phrase about "your mother" or "his mother" is a swear, never to be repeated.

Who acts: angry phrase · What happens: build, insult, use, be, not repeat · To what, where: common Mandarin swear, mother, swear

This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (angry phrase), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 swear	det
2	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	3 common	advmod
3	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 swear	amod
4	Mandarin	Mandarin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 swear	amod
5	swear	swear	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 built	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 built	aux:pass
7	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	on	on	SCONJ	_	9 insulting	mark
9	insulting	insult	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 built	advcl
10	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	12 mother	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 someone	case
12	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 insulting	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 used	cc
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 used	aux:pass
15	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 built	conj
16	like	like	ADP	_	19 it	case
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 it	punct
18	damn	damn	ADV	_	19 it	advmod
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 used	obl
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 it	punct
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 phrase	punct
22	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	24 phrase	det
23	angry	angry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 phrase	amod
24	phrase	phrase	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 swear	nsubj
25	about	about	ADP	_	28 mother	case
26	"	"	PUNCT	_	28 mother	punct
27	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 mother	nmod:poss
28	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 phrase	nmod
29	"	"	PUNCT	_	28 mother	punct
30	or	or	CCONJ	_	33 mother	cc
31	"	"	PUNCT	_	33 mother	punct
32	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	33 mother	nmod:poss
33	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 mother	conj
34	"	"	PUNCT	_	33 mother	punct
35	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 swear	cop
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 swear	det
37	swear	swear	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 built	parataxis
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 repeated	punct
39	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	42 repeated	advmod
40	to	to	PART	_	42 repeated	mark
41	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	42 repeated	aux:pass
42	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	37 swear	conj
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 built	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	build	present · passive		the common Mandarin swear		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	insult	gerund		someone's mother		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mother=Experiencer
3	use	present · passive			like swear	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»
4	is a	present	any angry phrase about your mother or turtle's mother	a swear		tree rules
5	not repeat	to-infinitive · passive	any angry phrase about your mother or turtle's mother not said here			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/13/