Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 14

"lǎowài" (LAOW-WIGH) is a casual word for foreigner, literally "old outsider"; people in China mostly use it without harm, but some people dislike the label.

Who acts: lǎowài, people · What happens: be, use, dislike · To what, where: casual word, outsider, label

This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lǎowài, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 lǎowài	punct
2	lǎowài	lǎowài	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 word	nsubj
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 lǎowài	punct
4	(	(	PUNCT	_	5 LAOW	punct
5	LAOW	LAOW	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 lǎowài	appos
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 WIGH	punct
7	WIGH	WIGH	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 LAOW	flat
8	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 LAOW	punct
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 word	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 word	det
11	casual	casual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 word	amod
12	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
13	for	for	ADP	_	14 foreigner	case
14	foreigner	foreigner	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 word	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 outsider	punct
16	literally	literally	ADV	_	19 outsider	advmod
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 outsider	punct
18	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 outsider	amod
19	outsider	outsider	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 foreigner	appos
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 outsider	punct
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 people	punct
22	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 use	nsubj
23	in	in	ADP	_	24 China	case
24	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 people	nmod
25	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	26 use	advmod
26	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 word	parataxis
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 use	obj
28	without	without	ADP	_	29 harm	case
29	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 use	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 dislike	punct
31	but	but	CCONJ	_	34 dislike	cc
32	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	33 people	det
33	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 dislike	nsubj
34	dislike	dislike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 use	conj
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 label	det
36	label	label	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 dislike	obj
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 word	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	lǎowài	a casual word	for foreigner	tree rules
2	use	present	people in China	outsider	without harm; mostly property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
3	dislike	present	some people	the label		vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer label=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/14/