Red envelopes and New Year wishes, sentence 1
The rules: take it with both hands (shuāng shǒu jiē), say thank you with a wish, and don't open it in front of the giver (bié dāngmiàn chāi) — in English families you open presents at once, in many Chinese families you wait.
Who acts: rules, hands, you · What happens: take, shuāng, say, thank, not open, open · To what, where: hóngbāo, shǒu jiē, you, front, presents, English families · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Red envelopes and New Year wishes» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rules, hands, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 rules | det |
| 2 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 thank | nsubj |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 take | punct |
| 4 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 rules | acl |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 take | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 hands | case |
| 7 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 hands | det |
| 8 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 take | obl |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 shuāng | punct |
| 10 | shuāng | shuāng | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 hands | acl |
| 11 | shǒu | shǒu | X | _ | 12 jiē | compound |
| 12 | jiē | jiē | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 shuāng | obj |
| 13 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 jiē | punct |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 say | punct |
| 15 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 take | conj |
| 16 | thank | thank | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 thank | obj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 wish | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 wish | det |
| 20 | wish | wish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 thank | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 open | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 open | cc |
| 23 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 25 open | aux |
| 24 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 open | advmod |
| 25 | open | open | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 16 thank | parataxis |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 open | obj |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 front | case |
| 28 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 open | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 giver | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 giver | det |
| 31 | giver | giver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 front | nmod |
| 32 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 35 chāi | punct |
| 33 | bié | bié | ADP | _ | 35 chāi | case |
| 34 | dāngmiàn | dāngmiàn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 chāi | amod |
| 35 | chāi | chāi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 giver | appos |
| 36 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 35 chāi | punct |
| 37 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 40 families | punct |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 families | case |
| 39 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 families | amod |
| 40 | families | family | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 open | obl |
| 41 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 42 open | nsubj |
| 42 | open | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 thank | parataxis |
| 43 | presents | present | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 open | obj |
| 44 | at | at | ADP | _ | 45 once | case |
| 45 | once | once | ADV | _ | 42 open | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 wait | punct |
| 47 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 families | case |
| 48 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 families | amod |
| 49 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 families | amod |
| 50 | families | family | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 wait | obl |
| 51 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 52 wait | nsubj |
| 52 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 thank | parataxis |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 thank | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | infinitive | the rules not said here | hóngbāo | with both hands | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 2 | shuāng | gerund | both hands not said here | shǒu jiē | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | infinitive | the rules not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | thank speech: thank | infinitive | the rules | you | with a wish | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme | |||
| 5 | not open | infinitive · do-support | hóngbāo | front of the giver | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent it=Theme in front=Location | ||||
| 6 | open | present | you | presents | English families | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent present=Theme in family=Location | |||
| 7 | wait | present | you | many Chinese families | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in family=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chinese-street:026-red-envelopes-and-new-year-wishes.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/26-red-envelopes-and-new-year-wishes/1/