Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, sentence 19

A digraph is two letters making one sound (sh, ch, th, ng, and ee in «sheep»); a trigraph is three letters making one sound (igh, air).

Who acts: digraph, two letters, trigraph, three letters · What happens: be, make · To what, where: two letters, one sound, three letters

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (digraph, two letters, trigraph, three letters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 digraph	det
2	digraph	digraph	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 letters	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 letters	cop
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 letters	nummod
5	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 letters	acl
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 sound	nummod
8	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 making	obj
9	(	(	PUNCT	_	10 sh	punct
10	sh	sh	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 making	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ch	punct
12	ch	ch	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sh	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 th	punct
14	th	th	INTJ	_	10 sh	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 ng	punct
16	ng	ng	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sh	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 ee	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 ee	cc
19	ee	ee	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sh	conj
20	in	in	ADP	_	22 sheep	case
21	«	«	PUNCT	_	22 sheep	punct
22	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 ee	nmod
23	»	»	PUNCT	_	22 sheep	punct
24	)	)	PUNCT	_	10 sh	punct
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 letters	punct
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 trigraph	det
27	trigraph	trigraph	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 letters	nsubj
28	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 letters	cop
29	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 letters	nummod
30	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 letters	parataxis
31	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	30 letters	acl
32	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	33 sound	nummod
33	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 making	obj
34	(	(	PUNCT	_	37 air	punct
35	igh	igh	INTJ	_	37 air	discourse
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 air	punct
37	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 making	obl
38	)	)	PUNCT	_	37 air	punct
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 letters	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a digraph	two letters		tree rules
2	make	gerund	two letters not said here	one sound		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset sound=Beneficiary sh=Product
3	is a	present	a trigraph	three letters		tree rules
4	make	gerund	three letters not said here	one sound	air obl	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson:19.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/19/