Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, sentence 23
Reading made-up «alien words» such as «zib» proves a child is decoding the sounds, not guessing from memory.
Who acts: Reading, child · What happens: read, make up, prove, decode, not guess · To what, where: made alien words, sounds, memory
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reading, child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reading | read | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 proves | csubj |
| 2 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 words | amod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 up | punct |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 made | compound:prt |
| 5 | « | « | ADP | _ | 7 words | case |
| 6 | alien | alien | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 words | amod |
| 7 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Reading | obj |
| 8 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 7 words | punct |
| 9 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 as | fixed |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 12 zib | mark |
| 11 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 12 zib | punct |
| 12 | zib | zib | X | _ | 7 words | appos |
| 13 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 12 zib | punct |
| 14 | proves | prove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 child | det |
| 16 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 decoding | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 decoding | aux |
| 18 | decoding | decode | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 proves | ccomp |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 sounds | det |
| 20 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 decoding | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 guessing | punct |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 guessing | advmod |
| 23 | guessing | guess | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 decoding | conj |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 memory | case |
| 25 | memory | memory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 guessing | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 proves | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | read | gerund | made alien words | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | |||||
| 2 | make up | participle | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | prove | present | Reading | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | decode | present · progressive | a child | the sounds | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not guess | gerund | a child not said here | memory | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson:23.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/23/