How to learn spellings that stick, sentence 23
Reading a lot helps, but many readers also need to study a few words closely to spell them.
Who acts: Reading, many readers · What happens: read, help, need, study, spell · To what, where: lot, few words, readers
This is a sentence of the lesson «How to learn spellings that stick» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reading, many readers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reading | read | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 helps | csubj |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 lot | det |
| 3 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Reading | obj |
| 4 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 need | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 need | cc |
| 7 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 readers | amod |
| 8 | readers | reader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 need | nsubj |
| 9 | also | also | ADV | _ | 10 need | advmod |
| 10 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 helps | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 study | mark |
| 12 | study | study | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 need | xcomp |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 words | det |
| 14 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 words | amod |
| 15 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 study | obj |
| 16 | closely | closely | ADV | _ | 12 study | advmod |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 spell | mark |
| 18 | spell | spell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 study | advcl |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 spell | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 helps | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | read | gerund | a lot | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic | |||||
| 2 | help | present | Reading | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | need | present | many readers | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | study not said to happen | to-infinitive | many readers not said here | a few words | closely property | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | |||
| 5 | spell | to-infinitive | many readers not said here | readers = reader | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:015-how-to-learn-spellings-that-stick.lesson:23.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/15-how-to-learn-spellings-that-stick/23/