Prediction: what happens next, sentence 2
He looked at the frozen pond and grinned.» The grin is the clue: Sam is probably going to step onto the ice, and stories love trouble, so he may well fall in.
Who acts: Sam, grin, stories · What happens: look, freeze, grin, be, go, step · To what, where: frozen pond, ice, trouble · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Prediction: what happens next» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sam, grin, stories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 looked | nsubj |
| 2 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 pond | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 pond | det |
| 5 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 pond | amod |
| 6 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 looked | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 grinned | cc |
| 8 | grinned | grin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | conj |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 grinned | punct |
| 10 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 15 clue | case |
| 11 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 grin | det |
| 12 | grin | grin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 clue | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 clue | cop |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 clue | det |
| 15 | clue | clue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 looked | parataxis |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 going | punct |
| 17 | Sam | Sam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 going | nsubj |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 going | aux |
| 19 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 20 going | advmod |
| 20 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 grinned | ccomp |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 step | mark |
| 22 | step | step | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 going | xcomp |
| 23 | onto | onto | ADP | _ | 25 ice | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 ice | det |
| 25 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 step | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 love | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 love | cc |
| 28 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 love | nsubj |
| 29 | love | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 going | conj |
| 30 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 love | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 fall | punct |
| 32 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 fall | advmod |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 fall | nsubj |
| 34 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 fall | aux |
| 35 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 36 fall | advmod |
| 36 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 love | conj |
| 37 | in | in | ADV | _ | 36 fall | advmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- hedged
- yes
- teacher
- changed hedge=1
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | Sam | the frozen pond | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | grin | past | Sam not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | the grin | » the clue | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | go in a quote | present · progressive | Sam | probably property | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | step in a quote | to-infinitive | Sam not said here | the ice | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme onto ice=Trajectory | ||||
| 7 | love in a quote | present | stories | trouble | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trouble=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | fall in in a quote | may | Sam | well property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:019-prediction-what-happens-next.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/19-prediction-what-happens-next/2/