Relative clauses, sentence 8
Sometimes the relative clause is extra information, and then a pair of commas fences it off: «The dog, which was barking loudly, ran away.» Cover the part between the commas and the sentence still works.
Who acts: relative clause, pair, dog, sentence · What happens: be, fence off, bark, run away, cover, work · To what, where: extra information, race, part
This is a sentence of the lesson «Relative clauses» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (relative clause, pair, dog, sentence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 7 information | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 clause | det |
| 3 | relative | relative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 clause | amod |
| 4 | clause | clause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 information | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 information | cop |
| 6 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 information | amod |
| 7 | information | information | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 fences | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 fences | cc |
| 10 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 fences | advmod |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 pair | det |
| 12 | pair | pair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 fences | nsubj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 commas | case |
| 14 | commas | comma | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 pair | nmod |
| 15 | fences | fence | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 information | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 fences | obj |
| 17 | off | off | ADP | _ | 15 fences | compound:prt |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 28 ran | punct |
| 19 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 28 ran | punct |
| 20 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 dog | det |
| 21 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 ran | nsubj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 barking | punct |
| 23 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 barking | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 barking | aux |
| 25 | barking | bark | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 dog | acl:relcl |
| 26 | loudly | loudly | ADV | _ | 25 barking | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 dog | punct |
| 28 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 information | conj |
| 29 | away | away | ADV | _ | 28 ran | advmod |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 information | punct |
| 31 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 32 Cover | punct |
| 32 | Cover | cover | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 information | parataxis |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 part | det |
| 34 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 Cover | obj |
| 35 | between | between | ADP | _ | 37 commas | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 commas | det |
| 37 | commas | comma | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 part | nmod |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 works | cc |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 sentence | det |
| 40 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 works | nsubj |
| 41 | still | still | ADV | _ | 42 works | advmod |
| 42 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 Cover | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 information | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the relative clause | extra information | sometimes property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | fence off | present | a pair of commas | race | then | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Destination | |||
| 3 | bark in a quote | past · progressive | the dog | loudly property | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | run away in a quote | past | the dog | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | cover | infinitive | the part | between the commas | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme part=Destination | ||||
| 6 | work | present | the sentence | still | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:030-relative-clauses.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/30-relative-clauses/8/