Tense consistency and verb forms, sentence 15
"I been knowing that", from some American dialects including African American English, means "I have known that for a long time"; in standard writing it is "I've known that".
Who acts: Time words · What happens: know, include, mean, be · To what, where: that, American dialects, writing, standard writing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Tense consistency and verb forms» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Time words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 knowing | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 knowing | nsubj |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 knowing | aux |
| 4 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 means | parataxis |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 knowing | obj |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 that | punct |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 means | punct |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 dialects | case |
| 9 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 dialects | det |
| 10 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 dialects | amod |
| 11 | dialects | dialect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 means | obl |
| 12 | including | include | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 English | case |
| 13 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 English | amod |
| 14 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 English | amod |
| 15 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 dialects | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 dialects | punct |
| 17 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 known | punct |
| 19 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 known | nsubj |
| 20 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 known | aux |
| 21 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 means | ccomp |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 time | mark |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 26 time | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 time | det |
| 25 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 time | amod |
| 26 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 known | obl:unmarked |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 known | punct |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 known | punct |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 writing | case |
| 30 | standard | standard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 writing | amod |
| 31 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 known | obl |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 known | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 known | cop |
| 34 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 known | punct |
| 35 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 37 known | nsubj |
| 36 | 've | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 known | aux |
| 37 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 knowing | parataxis |
| 38 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Dem | 37 known | obj |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 known | punct |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know in a quote | participle · progressive | Time words such yesterday = word | that | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | include | gerund | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | mean | present | some American dialects include African American English | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | know in a quote | present · perfect | Time words such yesterday = word | time | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present · perfect · passive | writing | standard writing | know property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/15/