Tense consistency and verb forms, sentence 4

Homes and towns have their own verb habits: a Lancashire gran may say "I were going to't shop" ("to't" is "to the"), and that is real dialect with its own rules; in school writing the standard form is "I was going to the shop".

Who acts: Homes, Lancashire gran, that, school, gran · What happens: have, say, go, shop, be, write · To what, where: own verb habits, standard form · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tense consistency and verb forms» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Homes, Lancashire gran, that, school), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 towns	cc
3	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Homes	conj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 habits	nmod:poss
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 habits	amod
7	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 habits	compound
8	habits	habit	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	obj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 say	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 gran	det
11	Lancashire	Lancashire	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 gran	compound
12	gran	gran	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 say	nsubj
13	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 say	aux
14	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 have	parataxis
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 going	punct
16	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	18 going	nsubj
17	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 going	aux
18	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 say	ccomp
19	to't	to't	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 shop	compound
20	shop	shop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 going	xcomp
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 going	punct
22	(	(	PUNCT	_	24 to't	punct
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 to't	punct
24	to't	to't	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 going	parataxis
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 to't	punct
26	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 dialect	cop
27	"	"	PUNCT	_	26 is	punct
28	to	to	ADP	_	37 dialect	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 dialect	det
30	"	"	PUNCT	_	29 the	punct
31	)	)	PUNCT	_	37 dialect	punct
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 dialect	punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 dialect	cc
34	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	37 dialect	nsubj
35	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 dialect	cop
36	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 dialect	amod
37	dialect	dialect	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 say	conj
38	with	with	ADP	_	41 rules	case
39	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	41 rules	nmod:poss
40	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 rules	amod
41	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 dialect	nmod
42	;	;	PUNCT	_	44 school	punct
43	in	in	ADP	_	44 school	case
44	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 dialect	conj
45	writing	write	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	44 school	acl
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 form	det
47	standard	standard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	48 form	amod
48	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 writing	obj
49	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	53 going	cop
50	"	"	PUNCT	_	53 going	punct
51	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	53 going	nsubj
52	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	53 going	aux
53	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	37 dialect	appos
54	to	to	ADP	_	56 shop	case
55	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	56 shop	det
56	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 going	obl
57	"	"	PUNCT	_	53 going	punct
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	Homes and towns	Homes's own verb habits		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent habit=Patient
2	say speech: assert	may	a Lancashire gran			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	go in a quote	past · progressive	a Lancashire gran = gran			vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	shop in a quote	infinitive	a Lancashire gran = gran not said here			vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
5	is	present	that		to the real dialect and school; with gran's own rules	tree rules
6	write	gerund	school not said here	the standard form		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Theme
7	is in a quote	present · progressive	a Lancashire gran = gran		to the shop; go property	tree rules
8	rule		gran			nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/4/