Active and passive voice, modal verbs, sentence 0

In the active voice the doer comes first: "The cat chased the mouse." In the passive voice the thing the action happens to comes first: "The mouse was chased by the cat."

Who acts: doer, cat, action, thing · What happens: come, chase, happen · To what, where: active voice, mouse, thing, passive voice · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (doer, cat, action, thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 voice	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 voice	det
3	active	active	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 voice	amod
4	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 comes	obl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 doer	det
6	doer	doer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 comes	nsubj
7	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 comes	advmod
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 chased	punct
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 chased	punct
11	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 cat	det
12	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 chased	nsubj
13	chased	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 comes	parataxis
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 mouse	det
15	mouse	mouse	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 chased	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 comes	punct
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 comes	punct
18	In	in	ADP	_	21 voice	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 voice	det
20	passive	passive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 voice	amod
21	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 comes	obl
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 thing	det
23	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 comes	nsubj
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 action	det
25	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 happens	nsubj
26	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 thing	acl:relcl
27	to	to	PART	_	28 comes	mark
28	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 comes	parataxis
29	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	28 comes	advmod
30	:	:	PUNCT	_	35 chased	punct
31	"	"	PUNCT	_	35 chased	punct
32	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 mouse	det
33	mouse	mouse	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 chased	nsubj:pass
34	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	35 chased	aux:pass
35	chased	chase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 comes	parataxis
36	by	by	ADP	_	38 cat	case
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 cat	det
38	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 chased	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 comes	punct
40	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 comes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	come	present	the doer		the active voice	first property	tree rules
2	chase in a quote	past	the cat	the mouse			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme
3	happen	present	the action	the thing not said here			tree rules
4	come	present	the thing		the passive voice	first property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in voice=Location
5	chase in a quote	past · passive	the cat	the mouse			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/0/