Active and passive voice, modal verbs, sentence 1
The passive is built from a form of "be" plus a past form like chased, eaten or broken, and the doer can be added with "by", or left out altogether.
What happens: build, be, chase, eat, break, add · To what, where: passive, form, past form, doer
This is a sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 passive | det |
| 2 | passive | passive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 built | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 built | aux:pass |
| 4 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 form | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 form | det |
| 7 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 built | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 form | case |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 be | punct |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 form | cop |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 be | punct |
| 12 | plus | plus | CCONJ | _ | 15 form | cc |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 form | det |
| 14 | past | past | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 form | amod |
| 15 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 form | conj |
| 16 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 17 chased | mark |
| 17 | chased | chase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 form | acl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 eaten | punct |
| 19 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 chased | conj |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 broken | cc |
| 21 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 chased | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 added | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 added | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 doer | det |
| 25 | doer | doer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 added | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 added | aux |
| 27 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 added | aux:pass |
| 28 | added | add | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 built | conj |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 " | case |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 by | punct |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 32 " | case |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 added | punct |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 left | punct |
| 34 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 35 left | cc |
| 35 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 added | conj |
| 36 | out | out | ADP | _ | 35 left | compound:prt |
| 37 | altogether | altogether | ADV | _ | 35 left | advmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 built | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | present · passive | the passive | a form plus a past form | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from form=Material | ||||
| 2 | is | infinitive | of a past form | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | chase | participle | a past form not said here | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | eat | participle | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | add speech: assert | can · passive | the doer | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 7 | leave out | participle | altogether property | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/1/