Active and passive voice, modal verbs, sentence 2

Leaving the doer out is handy and sometimes sneaky: a science report says "The water was heated" because who did it doesn't matter, but when Mum says "The biscuits have been eaten", every child in the kitchen goes quiet.

Who acts: Leaving, science report, Mum, child · What happens: leave out, be, say, heat, not matter, eat · To what, where: doer, water, biscuits · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leaving, science report, Mum, child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Ger	6 handy	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 doer	det
3	doer	doer	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Leaving	obj
4	out	out	ADP	_	1 Leaving	compound:prt
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 handy	cop
6	handy	handy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 sneaky	cc
8	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	9 sneaky	advmod
9	sneaky	sneaky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 handy	conj
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 says	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 report	det
12	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 report	compound
13	report	report	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 says	nsubj
14	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 handy	parataxis
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 heated	punct
16	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 water	det
17	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 heated	nsubj:pass
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 heated	aux:pass
19	heated	heat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 says	ccomp
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 heated	punct
21	because	because	SCONJ	_	27 matter	mark
22	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 matter	nsubj
23	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 matter	aux
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 matter	nsubj
25	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 matter	aux
26	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	27 matter	advmod
27	matter	matter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 heated	advcl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 goes	punct
29	but	but	CCONJ	_	46 goes	cc
30	when	when	SCONJ	_	32 says	mark
31	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 says	nsubj
32	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	46 goes	advcl
33	"	"	PUNCT	_	38 eaten	punct
34	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 biscuits	det
35	biscuits	biscuit	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 eaten	nsubj:pass
36	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 eaten	aux
37	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	38 eaten	aux:pass
38	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	32 says	ccomp
39	"	"	PUNCT	_	38 eaten	punct
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 child	punct
41	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	42 child	det
42	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 goes	nsubj
43	in	in	ADP	_	45 kitchen	case
44	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 kitchen	det
45	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 child	nmod
46	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 says	conj
47	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 goes	xcomp
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 handy	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	leave out	gerund		the doer		vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doer=Theme
2	is	present	Leaving		handy property	tree rules
3	be		Leaving not said here		sometimes property	tree rules
4	say speech: assert	present	a science report			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	heat in a quote	past · passive		the water		vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
6	not matter	past · do-support				vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
7	say speech: assert	present	Mum			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
8	eat in a quote	present · perfect · passive		the biscuits		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
9	go	present	every child in the kitchen		quiet property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/2/