Active and passive voice, modal verbs, sentence 3
Modal verbs such as can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should and must sit in front of another verb and change how sure, how able or how bossy a sentence is: "You must tidy up" orders, "You could tidy up" gently suggests.
Who acts: Modal verbs, You · What happens: sit, change, be, tidy up, suggest · To what, where: front, sentence, orders · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Modal verbs, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Modal | modal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 verbs | amod |
| 2 | verbs | verb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 sit | nsubj |
| 3 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ | 5 can | case |
| 4 | as | as | ADP | _ | 3 such | fixed |
| 5 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 2 verbs | acl:relcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 could | punct |
| 7 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 can | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 may | punct |
| 9 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 could | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 may | punct |
| 11 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 may | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 will | punct |
| 13 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 could | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 could | punct |
| 15 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 can | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 shall | punct |
| 17 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 could | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 shall | punct |
| 19 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 can | conj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 must | cc |
| 21 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 should | conj |
| 22 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 front | case |
| 24 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sit | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 verb | case |
| 26 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 verb | det |
| 27 | verb | verb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 front | nmod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 change | cc |
| 29 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 sit | conj |
| 30 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 31 sure | advmod |
| 31 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 change | ccomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 able | punct |
| 33 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 34 able | advmod |
| 34 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 sit | parataxis |
| 35 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 37 bossy | cc |
| 36 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 37 bossy | advmod |
| 37 | bossy | bossy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 able | conj |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 sentence | det |
| 39 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 able | conj |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 sentence | cop |
| 41 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 45 tidy | punct |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 tidy | punct |
| 43 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 45 tidy | nsubj |
| 44 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 tidy | aux |
| 45 | tidy | tidy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 able | conj |
| 46 | up | up | ADP | _ | 45 tidy | compound:prt |
| 47 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 tidy | punct |
| 48 | orders | order | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 tidy | obj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 orders | punct |
| 50 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 53 tidy | punct |
| 51 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 53 tidy | nsubj |
| 52 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 53 tidy | aux |
| 53 | tidy | tidy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 tidy | conj |
| 54 | up | up | ADP | _ | 53 tidy | compound:prt |
| 55 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 53 tidy | punct |
| 56 | gently | gently | ADV | _ | 57 suggests | advmod |
| 57 | suggests | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 53 tidy | advcl |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 sit | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- none
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | infinitive | Modal verbs | front of another verb | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in front=Location | ||||
| 2 | change | infinitive | Modal verbs not said here | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a | present | Modal verbs not said here | a sentence | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | tidy up in a quote | must | You | orders | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | tidy up in a quote | could | You | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | suggest speech: suggest | present | You not said here | gently property | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×4, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/3/