Active and passive voice, modal verbs, sentence 7
The passive uses a form of "be" (is, was, were, has been) plus a past participle such as eaten, thrown or broken.
Who acts: passive · What happens: use, be, have, eat, throw, break · To what, where: form, be
This is a sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (passive), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 passive | det |
| 2 | passive | passive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 uses | nsubj |
| 3 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 form | det |
| 5 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 uses | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 be | case |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 be | punct |
| 8 | be | be | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 form | nmod |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 be | punct |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 is | punct |
| 11 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 uses | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 was | punct |
| 13 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 is | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 uses | punct |
| 15 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 is | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 uses | punct |
| 17 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 is | conj |
| 18 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 has | aux |
| 19 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 has | punct |
| 20 | plus | plus | CCONJ | _ | 23 participle | cc |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 participle | det |
| 22 | past | past | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 participle | amod |
| 23 | participle | participle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 form | conj |
| 24 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 eaten | case |
| 25 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 such | fixed |
| 26 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 participle | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 thrown | punct |
| 28 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 eaten | conj |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 broken | cc |
| 30 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 thrown | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 uses | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | the passive | a form of be plus a past participle | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient | ||||
| 2 | be | present | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | be | past | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | be | past | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | have | participle | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | eat | participle | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | throw | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 8 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 9 | form | be | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/7/