Commas: lists, clauses and clarity, sentence 0

A comma is a tiny signpost that tells the reader where one part of a sentence ends and the next begins, so the words are grouped the way you meant.

Who acts: comma, tiny signpost, one part, next, you · What happens: be, tell, end, begin, group, mean · To what, where: tiny signpost, reader, words, way · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Commas: lists, clauses and clarity» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (comma, tiny signpost, one part, next), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 comma	det
2	comma	comma	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 signpost	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 signpost	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 signpost	det
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 signpost	amod
6	signpost	signpost	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 tells	nsubj
8	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 signpost	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 reader	det
10	reader	reader	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 tells	iobj
11	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	17 ends	advmod
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 part	nummod
13	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 ends	nsubj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 sentence	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 sentence	det
16	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 part	nmod
17	ends	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 reader	acl:relcl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 begins	cc
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 next	det
20	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 begins	nsubj
21	begins	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 ends	conj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 grouped	punct
23	so	so	ADV	_	27 grouped	advmod
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 words	det
25	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 grouped	nsubj:pass
26	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 grouped	aux:pass
27	grouped	group	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 signpost	parataxis
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 way	det
29	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 grouped	obj
30	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	31 meant	nsubj
31	meant	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 way	acl:relcl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 signpost	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	is a	present	a comma	a tiny signpost		tree rules
2	tell speech: assert	present	a tiny signpost		the reader	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent reader=Recipient
3	end	present	one part of a sentence			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
4	begin	present	the next			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
5	group	present · passive		the words		tree rules
6	mean	past	you	the way not said here		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:033-commas-lists-clauses-and-clarity.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/33-commas-lists-clauses-and-clarity/0/