Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging, sentence 4

The trickiest pair is its and it's: say "it is" in your head, and if that fits, write "it's"; a Londoner's "It's bare cold" means "It is very cold", while "The dog wagged its tail" has no apostrophe at all.

Who acts: that, apostrophe, bare cold, dog · What happens: be, fit, write, mean, wag, have · To what, where: apostrophe, head, tail, all · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, apostrophe, bare cold, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 pair	det
2	trickiest	tricky	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 pair	amod
3	pair	pair	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 its	cop
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 pair	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 say	cc
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 's	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 say	cop
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 say	punct
10	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 its	conj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 head	punct
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 is	nsubj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 head	cop
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 is	punct
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 head	case
16	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 head	nmod:poss
17	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 say	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 write	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 write	cc
20	if	if	SCONJ	_	22 fits	mark
21	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	22 fits	nsubj
22	fits	fit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 write	advcl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 fits	punct
24	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 say	conj
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 's	punct
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 's	nsubj
27	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 write	ccomp
28	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 's	punct
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	51 wagged	punct
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 Londoner	det
31	Londoner	londoner	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 cold	nmod:poss
32	's	's	PART	_	31 Londoner	case
33	"	"	PUNCT	_	37 cold	punct
34	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 cold	nsubj
35	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 cold	cop
36	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 cold	amod
37	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 means	nsubj
38	"	"	PUNCT	_	37 cold	punct
39	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 write	conj
40	"	"	PUNCT	_	44 cold	punct
41	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	44 cold	nsubj
42	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	44 cold	cop
43	very	very	ADV	_	44 cold	advmod
44	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 means	ccomp
45	"	"	PUNCT	_	44 cold	punct
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 wagged	punct
47	while	while	SCONJ	_	51 wagged	mark
48	"	"	PUNCT	_	51 wagged	punct
49	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	50 dog	det
50	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 wagged	nsubj
51	wagged	wag	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 write	conj
52	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	53 tail	nmod:poss
53	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 wagged	obj
54	"	"	PUNCT	_	51 wagged	punct
55	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	51 wagged	ccomp
56	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	57 apostrophe	det
57	apostrophe	apostrophe	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 has	obj
58	at	at	ADP	_	59 all	case
59	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	57 apostrophe	nmod
60	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pair	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present		apostrophe			tree rules
2	be speech: assert	present				say property	tree rules
3	is	present			your head		tree rules
4	fit a condition, not said to happen	present	that				vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
5	write	infinitive					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	is in a quote	present	apostrophe			cold property	tree rules
7	mean	present	a Londoner's bare cold				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
8	is in a quote	present	apostrophe			cold property	tree rules
9	wag in a quote	past	the dog	apostrophe's tail			tree rules
10	have	present	the dog not said here	no apostrophe	all		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apostrophe=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:034-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×6, R6-punct-agree ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/4/