Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging, sentence 5
An apostrophe can show missing letters in a contraction: don't (do not), can't (cannot), I'm (I am), we're (we are).
Who acts: apostrophe, we · What happens: show, not do, be · To what, where: missing letters, contraction · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (apostrophe, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 apostrophe | det |
| 2 | apostrophe | apostrophe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 show | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 show | aux |
| 4 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | missing | missing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 letters | amod |
| 6 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 show | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 contraction | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 contraction | det |
| 9 | contraction | contraction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 letters | nmod |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 do | punct |
| 11 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 show | conj |
| 12 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 do | advmod |
| 13 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 14 do | punct |
| 14 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 do | parataxis |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 do | advmod |
| 16 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 14 do | punct |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 ca | punct |
| 18 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 do | parataxis |
| 19 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 ca | advmod |
| 20 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 21 can | punct |
| 21 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 ca | conj |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 can | advmod |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 21 can | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 'm | punct |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 'm | nsubj |
| 26 | 'm | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 show | conj |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 29 am | punct |
| 28 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 am | nsubj |
| 29 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 'm | parataxis |
| 30 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 29 am | punct |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 are | punct |
| 32 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 're | nsubj |
| 33 | 're | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 are | cop |
| 34 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 36 are | punct |
| 35 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 are | nsubj |
| 36 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 show | ccomp |
| 37 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 36 are | punct |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 show | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | can | a apostrophe | missing letters | a contraction | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent letter=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | not do | infinitive | a apostrophe not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | not do | infinitive | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | is | present | we | be property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:034-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/5/