Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 0

Direct speech is the exact words a character says, and inverted commas (also called speech marks) hug those words like a speech bubble in a comic: "Hello," said Sam.

Who acts: Direct speech, character, inverted commas, Sam · What happens: be, say, invert, call, hug · To what, where: exact words, speech marks, words · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Direct speech, character, inverted commas, Sam), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Direct	direct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 speech	amod
2	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 words	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 words	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 words	det
5	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 words	amod
6	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 character	det
8	character	character	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 says	nsubj
9	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 words	acl:relcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 hug	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 hug	cc
12	inverted	invert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 commas	amod
13	commas	comma	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 hug	nsubj
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	16 called	punct
15	also	also	ADV	_	16 called	advmod
16	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 commas	acl
17	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 marks	compound
18	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 called	xcomp
19	)	)	PUNCT	_	16 called	punct
20	hug	hug	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 words	conj
21	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	22 words	det
22	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 hug	obj
23	like	like	ADP	_	26 bubble	case
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 bubble	det
25	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 bubble	compound
26	bubble	bubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 hug	obl
27	in	in	ADP	_	29 comic	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 comic	det
29	comic	comic	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 bubble	nmod
30	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 hug	punct
31	"	"	PUNCT	_	35 said	punct
32	Hello	hello	INTJ	_	35 said	discourse
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 Hello	punct
34	"	"	PUNCT	_	32 Hello	punct
35	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 hug	parataxis
36	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 said	nsubj
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 words	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed form=decl, voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Direct speech	the exact words		tree rules
2	say speech: assert	present	a character	the exact words not said here		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic
3	invert	participle				vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent
4	call	participle	inverted commas not said here	speech marks		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	hug	present	inverted commas	that words	like a speech bubble in a comic	vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Co-Agent
6	say speech: assert	past	Sam			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/0/