Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 1

The punctuation that ends the spoken words goes inside the marks: a comma if the sentence carries on ("Hello," said Sam), a question mark for a question ("Where are you going?" asked Mum), an exclamation mark for a shout ("Look out!" shouted Tom).

Who acts: punctuation, sentence, Sam, you, Mum, Tom · What happens: end, speak, go, carry on, say, ask · To what, where: spoken words, marks · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (punctuation, sentence, Sam, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 punctuation	det
2	punctuation	punctuation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 goes	nsubj
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 ends	nsubj
4	ends	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 punctuation	acl:relcl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 words	det
6	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 words	amod
7	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ends	obj
8	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	inside	inside	ADP	_	11 marks	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 marks	det
11	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 goes	obl
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 goes	punct
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 comma	det
14	comma	comma	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 marks	appos
15	if	if	SCONJ	_	18 carries	mark
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 sentence	det
17	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 carries	nsubj
18	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 comma	advcl
19	on	on	ADP	_	18 carries	compound:prt
20	(	(	PUNCT	_	22 Hello	punct
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 Hello	punct
22	Hello	hello	INTJ	_	25 said	discourse
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 Hello	punct
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 Hello	punct
25	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 goes	parataxis
26	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 said	nsubj
27	)	)	PUNCT	_	26 Sam	punct
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 mark	punct
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 mark	det
30	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 mark	compound
31	mark	mark	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 comma	conj
32	for	for	ADP	_	34 question	case
33	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 question	det
34	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 mark	nmod
35	(	(	PUNCT	_	43 asked	punct
36	"	"	PUNCT	_	40 going	punct
37	Where	where	ADV	PronType=Int	40 going	advmod
38	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 going	aux
39	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	40 going	nsubj
40	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	43 asked	advcl
41	?	?	PUNCT	_	40 going	punct
42	"	"	PUNCT	_	40 going	punct
43	asked	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 goes	parataxis
44	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 asked	nsubj
45	)	)	PUNCT	_	43 asked	punct
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 mark	punct
47	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	49 mark	det
48	exclamation	exclamation	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 mark	compound
49	mark	mark	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 mark	conj
50	for	for	ADP	_	52 shout	case
51	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	52 shout	det
52	shout	shout	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 mark	nmod
53	(	(	PUNCT	_	55 Look	punct
54	"	"	PUNCT	_	55 Look	punct
55	Look	look	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	49 mark	parataxis
56	out	out	ADP	_	55 Look	compound:prt
57	!	!	PUNCT	_	55 Look	punct
58	"	"	PUNCT	_	55 Look	punct
59	shouted	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	55 Look	parataxis
60	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	59 shouted	nsubj
61	)	)	PUNCT	_	60 Tom	punct
62	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 goes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	end	present	the punctuation	the spoken words		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality word=Eventuality
2	speak speech: other	participle				vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	go	present	the punctuation		the marks	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside mark=Location
4	carry on a condition, not said to happen	present	the sentence			vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent
5	say speech: assert	past	Sam			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
6	go in a quote	present · progressive	you			vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	ask speech: ask	past	Mum			vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	look out in a quote	infinitive				tree rules
9	shout speech: express	past	Tom			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/1/