Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 2

Every time a new person speaks, start a new line, the way a play script gives each actor their own line; a whole conversation in one block is like everyone in class talking at once.

Who acts: new person, play script · What happens: speak, start, give, talk · To what, where: new line, way, actor · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new person, play script), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 time	det
2	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 speaks	obl:unmarked
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 person	det
4	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 person	amod
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 speaks	nsubj
6	speaks	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 start	punct
8	start	start	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 speaks	conj
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 line	det
10	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 line	amod
11	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 start	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 gives	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 way	det
14	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 gives	obl:unmarked
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 script	det
16	play	play	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 script	compound
17	script	script	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 gives	nsubj
18	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 speaks	conj
19	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	20 actor	det
20	actor	actor	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 gives	iobj
21	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 line	nmod:poss
22	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 line	amod
23	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 gives	obj
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 speaks	punct
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 conversation	det
26	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 conversation	amod
27	conversation	conversation	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 like	nsubj
28	in	in	ADP	_	30 block	case
29	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 block	nummod
30	block	block	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 conversation	nmod
31	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 like	cop
32	like	like	ADP	_	6 speaks	parataxis
33	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	32 like	obl
34	in	in	ADP	_	35 class	case
35	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 everyone	nmod
36	talking	talk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	33 everyone	acl
37	at	at	ADP	_	38 once	case
38	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	36 talking	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 speaks	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present	a new person			time	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	start	infinitive	a new person not said here	a new line			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Eventuality
3	give	present	a play script	the way	each actor		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent actor=Recipient line=Theme
4	talk	gerund					vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/2/