Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 11

Indirect (reported) speech tells what someone said without their exact words and has no inverted commas: She said that she was tired.

Who acts: Indirect speech, someone, sentence, commas · What happens: report, tell, say, have, invert, be · To what, where: inverted commas · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indirect speech, someone, sentence, commas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Indirect	indirect	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 speech	amod
2	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 reported	punct
3	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Indirect	amod
4	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 reported	punct
5	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tells	nsubj
6	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	what	what	DET	PronType=Int	8 someone	det
8	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	9 said	nsubj
9	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 tells	ccomp
10	without	without	ADP	_	13 words	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 words	nmod:poss
12	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 words	amod
13	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 said	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 has	cc
15	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 tells	conj
16	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	18 commas	det
17	inverted	invert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 commas	amod
18	commas	comma	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 has	obj
19	:	:	PUNCT	_	21 said	punct
20	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 said	nsubj
21	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 has	parataxis
22	that	that	SCONJ	_	25 tired	mark
23	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 tired	nsubj
24	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 tired	cop
25	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 said	ccomp
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 tells	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	report	participle				vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	tell speech: assert	present	Indirect speech			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	say speech: assert	past	someone		without commas's exact words	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	have	present	Indirect speech not said here	no inverted commas		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comma=Patient
5	invert	participle				vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent
6	say speech: assert	past	sentence			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
7	is	past	sentence		tired property	tree rules
8	word		commas = comma			nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/11/