Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 12
Both single ('...') and double ("...") inverted commas are correct; many UK books use single and US books double; be consistent.
Who acts: single inverted commas, many UK books · What happens: invert, be, use · To what, where: single US books
This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (single inverted commas, many UK books), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Both | both | CCONJ | _ | 2 single | cc:preconj |
| 2 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 commas | amod |
| 3 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 6 ' | punct |
| 4 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 6 ' | punct |
| 5 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 6 ' | punct |
| 6 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 2 single | punct |
| 7 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 single | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 double | cc |
| 9 | double | double | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 single | conj |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 commas | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 commas | punct |
| 12 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 16 commas | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 commas | punct |
| 14 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 commas | punct |
| 15 | inverted | invert | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 commas | amod |
| 16 | commas | comma | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 correct | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 correct | cop |
| 18 | correct | correct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 correct | punct |
| 20 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 books | amod |
| 21 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 books | compound |
| 22 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 use | nsubj |
| 23 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 correct | parataxis |
| 24 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 books | amod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 US | cc |
| 26 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 books | compound |
| 27 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 use | obj |
| 28 | double | double | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 use | obj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 consistent | punct |
| 30 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 consistent | cop |
| 31 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 correct | conj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 correct | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- evaluate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- changed act=evaluate, polarity=pos
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invert | participle | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | is | present | single inverted commas | correct property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | use | present | many UK books | single US books | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | infinitive | single inverted commas not said here | consistent property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/12/