Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 13

"Said" is often the best speech verb because readers hardly notice it; whispered, shouted or muttered add detail when used now and then.

Who acts: Said, readers · What happens: be, notice, whisper, shout, mutter, add · To what, where: best speech verb, verb, detail

This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Said, readers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Said	punct
2	Said	Said	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 verb	nsubj
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Said	punct
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 verb	cop
5	often	often	ADV	_	9 verb	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 verb	det
7	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 verb	amod
8	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 verb	compound
9	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 notice	mark
11	readers	reader	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 notice	nsubj
12	hardly	hardly	ADV	_	13 notice	advmod
13	notice	notice	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 verb	advcl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 notice	obj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 whispered	punct
16	whispered	whisper	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 add	nsubj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 shouted	punct
18	shouted	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 whispered	conj
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 muttered	cc
20	muttered	mutter	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 whispered	conj
21	add	add	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 verb	conj
22	detail	detail	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 add	obj
23	when	when	SCONJ	_	24 used	mark
24	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 add	advcl
25	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	24 used	advmod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 then	cc
27	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	25 now	conj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 verb	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Said	the best speech verb		often property	tree rules
2	notice	present	readers	verb		hardly property	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
3	whisper speech: assert	past					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	shout speech: express	past					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	mutter speech: assert	past					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	add speech: assert	infinitive		detail			vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detail=Patient
7	use	participle			now		vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/13/