Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 4
Inside the marks, characters talk their own way, dialect and slang included: "'Wee eejit,' said Da" (Belfast for "little idiot", said fondly) is perfectly punctuated, and it shows who Da is better than a description could.
Who acts: characters, Wee eejit, it, Da · What happens: talk, include, say, punctuate, show, be · To what, where: own way, marks · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (characters, Wee eejit, it, Da), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Inside | inside | ADP | _ | 3 marks | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 marks | det |
| 3 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 talk | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 marks | punct |
| 5 | characters | character | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 talk | nsubj |
| 6 | talk | talk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 way | nmod:poss |
| 8 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 way | amod |
| 9 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 talk | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 dialect | punct |
| 11 | dialect | dialect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 way | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 slang | cc |
| 13 | slang | slang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 dialect | conj |
| 14 | included | include | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 talk | parataxis |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 said | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 eejit | punct |
| 17 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 19 eejit | punct |
| 18 | Wee | wee | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 eejit | amod |
| 19 | eejit | eejit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 said | nsubj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 eejit | punct |
| 21 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 19 eejit | punct |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 talk | parataxis |
| 23 | Da | Da | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 said | nsubj |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 Da | punct |
| 25 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 Belfast | punct |
| 26 | Belfast | belfast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Da | appos |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 idiot | case |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 idiot | punct |
| 29 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 idiot | amod |
| 30 | idiot | idiot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 Belfast | nmod |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 idiot | punct |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 said | punct |
| 33 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 said | conj |
| 34 | fondly | fondly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 33 said | advmod |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 33 said | punct |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 punctuated | aux:pass |
| 37 | perfectly | perfectly | ADV | _ | 38 punctuated | advmod |
| 38 | punctuated | punctuate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 said | ccomp |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 shows | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 shows | cc |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 shows | nsubj |
| 42 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 punctuated | conj |
| 43 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 better | dep |
| 44 | Da | Da | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 better | nsubj |
| 45 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 better | cop |
| 46 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 42 shows | ccomp |
| 47 | than | than | ADP | _ | 49 description | case |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 description | det |
| 49 | description | description | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 could | nsubj |
| 50 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 better | advcl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 talk | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | talk | present | characters | marks's own way and dialect and slang | the marks | tree rules | |||
| 2 | include | past | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | Wee eejit | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | Wee eejit not said here | fondly property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | punctuate | present · passive | perfectly property | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination» | |||||
| 6 | show | present | it | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | is | present | Da | good property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/4/