Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 5
Direct speech is the exact words someone says; it goes inside inverted commas, also called speech marks.
Who acts: Direct speech, someone, speech · What happens: be, say, go, invert, call · To what, where: exact words, inverted commas, speech marks · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Direct speech, someone, speech), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Direct | direct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 speech | amod |
| 2 | speech | speech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 words | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 words | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 words | det |
| 5 | exact | exact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 words | amod |
| 6 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 8 says | nsubj |
| 8 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 words | acl:relcl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 goes | punct |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 goes | nsubj |
| 11 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 words | parataxis |
| 12 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 14 commas | case |
| 13 | inverted | invert | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 commas | amod |
| 14 | commas | comma | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 goes | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 called | punct |
| 16 | also | also | ADV | _ | 17 called | advmod |
| 17 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 goes | conj |
| 18 | speech | speech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 marks | compound |
| 19 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 called | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 words | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Direct speech | the exact words | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | someone | the exact words not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic | ||||
| 3 | go | present | speech | inverted commas | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside comma=Location | ||||
| 4 | invert | participle | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | call | participle | speech not said here | speech marks | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mark=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/5/